Welcome again.
How can Text be converted to Binary?
The attached article in the previous post might have given you some idea into how can we do this.
How do we convert characters into binary? By using ASCII codes!
ASCII stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange, and is a character-encoding scheme which uses 8 bits to represent 1 character. For ex: 01000001 represents the character 'A', 01000010 represents 'B', and so on for 2^8 = 256 characters.
The ASCII table for each of the 256 characters are given below. Note that many ascii characters are 'control'-characters like delete, linefeed, etc. and are 'non-printable'.
DEC OCT HEX BIN Symbol Description
0 000 00 00000000 NUL Null char
1 001 01 00000001 SOH Start of Heading
2 002 02 00000010 STX Start of Text
3 003 03 00000011 ETX End of Text
4 004 04 00000100 EOT End of Transmission
5 005 05 00000101 ENQ Enquiry
6 006 06 00000110 ACK Acknowledgment
7 007 07 00000111 BEL Bell
8 010 08 00001000 BS Back Space
9 011 09 00001001 HT Horizontal Tab
10 012 0A 00001010 LF Line Feed
11 013 0B 00001011 VT Vertical Tab
12 014 0C 00001100 FF Form Feed
13 015 0D 00001101 CR Carriage Return
14 016 0E 00001110 SO Shift Out / X-On
15 017 0F 00001111 SI Shift In / X-Off
16 020 10 00010000 DLE Data Line Escape
17 021 11 00010001 DC1 Device Control 1 (oft. XON)
18 022 12 00010010 DC2 Device Control 2
19 023 13 00010011 DC3 Device Control 3 (oft. XOFF)
20 024 14 00010100 DC4 Device Control 4
21 025 15 00010101 NAK Negative Acknowledgement
22 026 16 00010110 SYN Synchronous Idle
23 027 17 00010111 ETB End of Transmit Block
24 030 18 00011000 CAN Cancel
25 031 19 00011001 EM End of Medium
26 032 1A 00011010 SUB Substitute
27 033 1B 00011011 ESC Escape
28 034 1C 00011100 FS File Separator
29 035 1D 00011101 GS Group Separator
30 036 1E 00011110 RS Record Separator
31 037 1F 00011111 US Unit Separator
32 040 20 00100000 Space
33 041 21 00100001 ! Exclamation mark
34 042 22 00100010 " Double quotes
35 043 23 00100011 # Number
36 044 24 00100100 $ Dollar
37 045 25 00100101 % Procenttecken
38 046 26 00100110 & Ampersand
39 047 27 00100111 ' Single quote
40 050 28 00101000 ( Open parenthesis
41 051 29 00101001 ) Close parenthesis
42 052 2A 00101010 * Asterisk
43 053 2B 00101011 + Plus
44 054 2C 00101100 , Comma
45 055 2D 00101101 - Hyphen
46 056 2E 00101110 . Period, dot or full stop
47 057 2F 00101111 / Slash or divide
48 060 30 00110000 0 Zero
49 061 31 00110001 1 One
50 062 32 00110010 2 Two
51 063 33 00110011 3 Three
52 064 34 00110100 4 Four
53 065 35 00110101 5 Five
54 066 36 00110110 6 Six
55 067 37 00110111 7 Seven
56 070 38 00111000 8 Eight
57 071 39 00111001 9 Nine
58 072 3A 00111010 : Colon
59 073 3B 00111011 ; Semicolon
60 074 3C 00111100 < Less than
61 075 3D 00111101 = Equals
62 076 3E 00111110 > Greater than
63 077 3F 00111111 ? Question mark
64 100 40 01000000 @ At symbol
65 101 41 01000001 A Uppercase A
66 102 42 01000010 B Uppercase B
67 103 43 01000011 C Uppercase C
68 104 44 01000100 D Uppercase D
69 105 45 01000101 E Uppercase E
70 106 46 01000110 F Uppercase F
71 107 47 01000111 G Uppercase G
72 110 48 01001000 H Uppercase H
73 111 49 01001001 I Uppercase I
74 112 4A 01001010 J Uppercase J
75 113 4B 01001011 K Uppercase K
76 114 4C 01001100 L Uppercase L
77 115 4D 01001101 M Uppercase M
78 116 4E 01001110 N Uppercase N
79 117 4F 01001111 O Uppercase O
80 120 50 01010000 P Uppercase P
81 121 51 01010001 Q Uppercase Q
82 122 52 01010010 R Uppercase R
83 123 53 01010011 S Uppercase S
84 124 54 01010100 T Uppercase T
85 125 55 01010101 U Uppercase U
86 126 56 01010110 V Uppercase V
87 127 57 01010111 W Uppercase W
88 130 58 01011000 X Uppercase X
89 131 59 01011001 Y Uppercase Y
90 132 5A 01011010 Z Uppercase Z
91 133 5B 01011011 [ Opening bracket
92 134 5C 01011100 \ Backslash
93 135 5D 01011101 ] Closing bracket
94 136 5E 01011110 ^ Caret - circumflex
95 137 5F 01011111 _ Underscore
96 140 60 01100000 ` Grave accent
97 141 61 01100001 a Lowercase a
98 142 62 01100010 b Lowercase b
99 143 63 01100011 c Lowercase c
100 144 64 01100100 d Lowercase d
101 145 65 01100101 e Lowercase e
102 146 66 01100110 f Lowercase f
103 147 67 01100111 g Lowercase g
104 150 68 01101000 h Lowercase h
105 151 69 01101001 i Lowercase i
106 152 6A 01101010 j Lowercase j
107 153 6B 01101011 k Lowercase k
108 154 6C 01101100 l Lowercase l
109 155 6D 01101101 m Lowercase m
110 156 6E 01101110 n Lowercase n
111 157 6F 01101111 o Lowercase o
112 160 70 01110000 p Lowercase p
113 161 71 01110001 q Lowercase q
114 162 72 01110010 r Lowercase r
115 163 73 01110011 s Lowercase s
116 164 74 01110100 t Lowercase t
117 165 75 01110101 u Lowercase u
118 166 76 01110110 v Lowercase v
119 167 77 01110111 w Lowercase w
120 170 78 01111000 x Lowercase x
121 171 79 01111001 y Lowercase y
122 172 7A 01111010 z Lowercase z
123 173 7B 01111011 { Opening brace
124 174 7C 01111100 | Vertical bar
125 175 7D 01111101 } Closing brace
126 176 7E 01111110 ~ Equivalency sign (tilde)
127 177 7F 01111111 Delete
Extended ASCII codes:
DEC OCT HEX BIN Symbol Description
128 200 80 10000000 € Euro sign
129 201 81 10000001
130 202 82 10000010 ‚ Single low-9 quotation mark
131 203 83 10000011 ƒ Latin small letter f with hook
132 204 84 10000100 „ Double low-9 quotation mark
133 205 85 10000101 … Horizontal ellipsis
134 206 86 10000110 † Dagger
135 207 87 10000111 ‡ Double dagger
136 210 88 10001000 ˆ Modifier letter circumflex accent
137 211 89 10001001 ‰ Per mille sign
138 212 8A 10001010 Š Latin capital letter S with caron
139 213 8B 10001011 ‹ Single left-pointing angle quotation
140 214 8C 10001100 ΠLatin capital ligature OE
141 215 8D 10001101
142 216 8E 10001110 Ž Latin capital letter Z with caron
143 217 8F 10001111
144 220 90 10010000
145 221 91 10010001 ‘ Left single quotation mark
146 222 92 10010010 ’ Right single quotation mark
147 223 93 10010011 “ Left double quotation mark
148 224 94 10010100 ” Right double quotation mark
149 225 95 10010101 • Bullet
150 226 96 10010110 – En dash
151 227 97 10010111 — Em dash
152 230 98 10011000 ˜ Small tilde
153 231 99 10011001 ™ Trade mark sign
154 232 9A 10011010 š Latin small letter S with caron
155 233 9B 10011011 › Single right-pointing angle quotation mark
156 234 9C 10011100 œ Latin small ligature oe
157 235 9D 10011101
158 236 9E 10011110 ž Latin small letter z with caron
159 237 9F 10011111 Ÿ Latin capital letter Y with diaeresis
160 240 A0 10100000 Non-breaking space
161 241 A1 10100001 ¡ Inverted exclamation mark
162 242 A2 10100010 ¢ Cent sign
163 243 A3 10100011 £ Pound sign
164 244 A4 10100100 ¤ Currency sign
165 245 A5 10100101 ¥ Yen sign
166 246 A6 10100110 ¦ Pipe, Broken vertical bar
167 247 A7 10100111 § Section sign
168 250 A8 10101000 ¨ Spacing diaeresis - umlaut
169 251 A9 10101001 © Copyright sign
170 252 AA 10101010 ª Feminine ordinal indicator
171 253 AB 10101011 « Left double angle quotes
172 254 AC 10101100 ¬ Not sign
173 255 AD 10101101 Soft hyphen
174 256 AE 10101110 ® Registered trade mark sign
175 257 AF 10101111 ¯ Spacing macron - overline
176 260 B0 10110000 ° Degree sign
177 261 B1 10110001 ± Plus-or-minus sign
178 262 B2 10110010 ² Superscript two - squared
179 263 B3 10110011 ³ Superscript three - cubed
180 264 B4 10110100 ´ Acute accent - spacing acute
181 265 B5 10110101 µ Micro sign
182 266 B6 10110110 ¶ Pilcrow sign - paragraph sign
183 267 B7 10110111 · Middle dot - Georgian comma
184 270 B8 10111000 ¸ Spacing cedilla
185 271 B9 10111001 ¹ Superscript one
186 272 BA 10111010 º Masculine ordinal indicator
187 273 BB 10111011 » Right double angle quotes
188 274 BC 10111100 ¼ Fraction one quarter
189 275 BD 10111101 ½ Fraction one half
190 276 BE 10111110 ¾ Fraction three quarters
191 277 BF 10111111 ¿ Inverted question mark
192 300 C0 11000000 À Latin capital letter A with grave
193 301 C1 11000001 Á Latin capital letter A with acute
194 302 C2 11000010 Â Latin capital letter A with circumflex
195 303 C3 11000011 Ã Latin capital letter A with tilde
196 304 C4 11000100 Ä Latin capital letter A with diaeresis
197 305 C5 11000101 Å Latin capital letter A with ring above
198 306 C6 11000110 Æ Latin capital letter AE
199 307 C7 11000111 Ç Latin capital letter C with cedilla
200 310 C8 11001000 È Latin capital letter E with grave
201 311 C9 11001001 É Latin capital letter E with acute
202 312 CA 11001010 Ê Latin capital letter E with circumflex
203 313 CB 11001011 Ë Latin capital letter E with diaeresis
204 314 CC 11001100 Ì Latin capital letter I with grave
205 315 CD 11001101 Í Latin capital letter I with acute
206 316 CE 11001110 Î Latin capital letter I with circumflex
207 317 CF 11001111 Ï Latin capital letter I with diaeresis
208 320 D0 11010000 Ð Latin capital letter ETH
209 321 D1 11010001 Ñ Latin capital letter N with tilde
210 322 D2 11010010 Ò Latin capital letter O with grave
211 323 D3 11010011 Ó Latin capital letter O with acute
212 324 D4 11010100 Ô Latin capital letter O with circumflex
213 325 D5 11010101 Õ Latin capital letter O with tilde
214 326 D6 11010110 Ö Latin capital letter O with diaeresis
215 327 D7 11010111 × Multiplication sign
216 330 D8 11011000 Ø Latin capital letter O with slash
217 331 D9 11011001 Ù Latin capital letter U with grave
218 332 DA 11011010 Ú Latin capital letter U with acute
219 333 DB 11011011 Û Latin capital letter U with circumflex
220 334 DC 11011100 Ü Latin capital letter U with diaeresis
221 335 DD 11011101 Ý Latin capital letter Y with acute
222 336 DE 11011110 Þ Latin capital letter THORN
223 337 DF 11011111 ß Latin small letter sharp s - ess-zed
224 340 E0 11100000 à Latin small letter a with grave
225 341 E1 11100001 á Latin small letter a with acute
226 342 E2 11100010 â Latin small letter a with circumflex
227 343 E3 11100011 ã Latin small letter a with tilde
228 344 E4 11100100 ä Latin small letter a with diaeresis
229 345 E5 11100101 å Latin small letter a with ring above
230 346 E6 11100110 æ Latin small letter ae
231 347 E7 11100111 ç Latin small letter c with cedilla
232 350 E8 11101000 è Latin small letter e with grave
233 351 E9 11101001 é Latin small letter e with acute
234 352 EA 11101010 ê Latin small letter e with circumflex
235 353 EB 11101011 ë Latin small letter e with diaeresis
236 354 EC 11101100 ì Latin small letter i with grave
237 355 ED 11101101 í Latin small letter i with acute
238 356 EE 11101110 î Latin small letter i with circumflex
239 357 EF 11101111 ï Latin small letter i with diaeresis
240 360 F0 11110000 ð Latin small letter eth
241 361 F1 11110001 ñ Latin small letter n with tilde
242 362 F2 11110010 ò Latin small letter o with grave
243 363 F3 11110011 ó Latin small letter o with acute
244 364 F4 11110100 ô Latin small letter o with circumflex
245 365 F5 11110101 õ Latin small letter o with tilde
246 366 F6 11110110 ö Latin small letter o with diaeresis
247 367 F7 11110111 ÷ Division sign
248 370 F8 11111000 ø Latin small letter o with slash
249 371 F9 11111001 ù Latin small letter u with grave
250 372 FA 11111010 ú Latin small letter u with acute
251 373 FB 11111011 û Latin small letter u with circumflex
252 374 FC 11111100 ü Latin small letter u with diaeresis
253 375 FD 11111101 ý Latin small letter y with acute
254 376 FE 11111110 þ Latin small letter thorn
255 377 FF 11111111 ÿ Latin small letter y with diaeresis
While using the 'Tool'(in the other tab), you may find many 'valid' binary strings which don't have any 'readable'/'printable' text-equivalent!
Example: 00000000 is binary of 'null-character'; 00001000 is binary of 'backspace', 00100000 means 'space'. The binary equivalent of 01111111 is 'del' (or delete).
In short, when the binary input corresponds to a white-space-like character, the "Output String" area will not 'show' any text.
Here, we saw, how our 'textual' messages can be converted to 'binary'. Next we will see another interesting conversion that is binary to hexadecimal. While binary looks too puzzling like 1011 0110; hexadecimal equivalent will be B6. Of course, more 'human-readable'!
Details in the next post.
Bye till then.
:-)
Post-12 Ended.